Nepalese farming and Climate Change
Always we are recognized by Nepal is
agricultural based country out of we are still deficient on agriculture produce
like rice, oilseed, pulse, vegetable, milk and milk produce, meat etc. Million
tones annually we exported from other country. Directly or indirectly more than
80% people is engaged on Agriculture. The data shows that people staying the
region of Karnali region dying annually cause of starvation. We are unable to
provide food to our total population. Our country is agricultural based but programmed
lunch by our government is not agricultural based. Minimum 40% of total budget
should be allocated for this sector which is not implemented by our government.
Without legal formalities and budged allocation increase in agricultural
produce has not been possible. Besides this agriculture is highly dependent
upon following component like seed, soil, fertilizer, irrigation, harvesting
technique, marketing channel etc. And all of this is dependent upon climate. Climate
change is burning issues now a day. It is due to emission of green house gas
especially carbon monoxide, methane, chlorofloro carbon etc. The increase in
the amount of these in our environment cause global warming. These gases are
emission by most developed country like USA, China, and European Union, India.
Our country has very little contribution towards it but we are most affected by
it because it’s have impact in all areas nothing is beyond of climate change.
Recent research work suggests that human-induced climate changes, particularly
increases in temperature, are taking place. Even a slight increase in global
average temperature can be accompanied by much greater changes in local and
regional climates. Farming are unique areas in terms of detecting climate
change and for assessing climate-related impacts because in the existing system
changes occur rapidly with height over relatively short horizontal distances;
as do the vegetation and hydrology Notwithstanding the uncertainties in the
timing and exact magnitude of changes predicted in the Farming system, it is
thought that many natural systems will be affected and their vulnerability to
damage will increase. It is also thought that high mountain areas will be
subject to greater increases in temperature than elsewhere; glaciers and
snowfields will recede; and water supplies will decrease with severe impacts on
irrigation to agricultural land and drinking water supplies as well as on
supplies of hydroelectricity. Shifts in monsoon precipitation patterns are
expected, leading to the possibility of increased frequency and intensity of
droughts and episodes of intense precipitation. These in turn may lead to
increases in floods, landslides, and erosion. Increased glacial melt may also
lead to increases in the formation of glacial lakes and subsequent glacial lake
outbursts. Recent outburst was occurred in Pokhara which cause loss of human
beings, Agricultural produce and its diversity. This was too costly to our
people who are living in such areas. Changes in monsoon precipitation will also
have significant impacts on current agricultural practices in our country. Many
farmers are waiting for the rain to start farming but their hope is decreasing.
Nepalese agriculture is highly dependent on monsoon because more than 70% of
agriculture land is rainfed areas without rain fall no one will able to
cultivate their crops. Our farmer is facing much problem like unavailability of
fertilizer in time, irrigation water, quality seed, and incidence of disease outbreak
causes significant loss of agricultural produce. Now a day’s people are facing
the problem of disease in many crops, such as leaf blight in maize, neck blast
in rice, rust in wheat, blight in potato and tomato which has cause
significantly loss. This disease is controlled by excessive uses of chemical
which has detrimental effect to natural environments causes destroy of funa and
flora of soil. Which causes serve loss in recent year. Soil is becoming acidic,
by the excessive use of fertilizer like ammonium sulphate and chemicals also
contribute in the global warming of earth so excessive uses of these chemicals
should be minimized. Now a days new concept has developed sustainable farming
which includes organic farming, Integrated insect pest management (IPM),
Integrated soil nutrient management (ISNM). Such practices have given significantly
good result in the perception of farmer and consumer. The use of these
practices does not give large amount of produce but it give sustainable yield
without hampering the natural environment. The use of organic manure, vermini
compost, biopesticide has given goods result. So increase in such things should
encourage from government sector and private sector also. Land is limited and
population is increasing in geometric ratio but agricultural product is
increasing by arthemetric progression. Recent challenge to the agriculturist is
to develop the resistant varieties which can adapt to the new environment and
give maximum amount of agricultural production for the demand of increasing
population. Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) is working for the development
of the new varieties which can adopt to the changing environment but it is
still not sufficient for the demand of our country. There is lack of awareness
among the farmer about the use of improved varieties this is due to their
socioeconomic condition. So our government effort should be made to focused on
the farmer based program to increase their livelihood and to adapt in this
changing environment .Many small and cottage industry should encourage to
promote agriculture produce and give them respect. In our country there is a
promising problem that is young generation is hesitating to do farm work or
establish the agriculture based enterprise so this concept should be avoided.
Young should encourage establishing these farm. If we want to develop our
nation first up all we should respect our work what we do .For the development
of agriculture sector it is highly based on climate so to adapt in this
changing environment new technology should be adopted to cope these
difficulties, resistant varieties, water stress tolerance, high yielding
varieties should be selected. In this way we can adapt in this climate changing
environment.
Mukesh Ramjali(Nepali)
MSc.Ag
1st year
IAAS,Rampur ,Chitwan
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